The Department - 2010

Prof. (Dr.) N. C. Bhandari B.E., M.E., Ph. D. (IIT-D) Professor Experience of 42 Years

Prof. P. N. Gupta B.E., M.E. Professor Experience of 41 Years

Wg. Cdr. R. K. Sharda B. Sc (Engg.), AAe.S.I.(IAF) Reader Experience of 39 Years

Mr. Kamal Kishore Khatri B.E., M. Tech., Ph.D* Reader Experience of 8 Years

Mr. Madhvendra Saxena B.E., M. Tech. Lecturer Experience of 16 Years

Mr. Amit Kr. Sharma B.E. Lecturer Experience of 5 Years

Mr. Budhi Prakash B.E. Lecturer Experience of 2 Years

Mr. Pranay Tak B.E. Lecturer Experience of 1.6 Years

Mr. Navin H. Yadav B.E. Lecturer Experience of 1.3 Years

Mr. Yogesh Bhardwaj B.E. Lecturer Experience of 0.5 Years

Mr. Sourabh Singhal B.E. Lecturer Experience of 2 Years

Mr. Vimal Jangid B.E. Lecturer Experience of 1 Year

Mr. Manoj Kumar Sharma B.E. Lecturer Experience of 0.5 Years

Importance of workshop

Workshop practice is useful to students of all branches of engineering courses. Workshop provides the basic working knowledge of production and properties of different materials.The workshop explains the use of different machinery, equipments, tools and techniques of manufacturing, which ultimately facilite shaping of materials in to various useful forms.

The study of workshop has therefore been made compulsory these days for an engineer irrespective of branch, so that one can make himself acquainted with the basic knowledge of manufacturing process and materials.

Mr. Pooran Yadav
Workshop Instructor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Projects in hand

1. Integration of CHP & Building Simulation for predicting the energy requirements of a residential building.
[PARAGJYOTI BEZBARUAH, SAMAR DAS, PRANJAL, DEBORSHI GOSWAMI, PALLAVI DEKA]
[Final Year]

2. Car Air Cooler
[GAUTAM BHAGAWATI, MRIGENDRA NARAYAN DEKA, MANOJ KUMAR DAS, NAWAZ AHMED ANSARI, ABDUL]
[Final Year]

3. Anti-Lock Break Sytem with Sensors
[Sandip Kumar]
[Final Year]

4. Censor Based Ceiling Fan
[Gyanendra Panday, Ajay Kr. Jalewala]
[IIIrd Year]

Achievements 2009 - 2010

The Department of Mechanical Engineering has been consistently improving in every aspect. The students have been qualifying almost in every field showing their excellent performance in the competitions giving a tougher fight to the outer world.

In the year 2008, 8 students were placed whereas in the year 2009 there was an increment in the number of students that were placed, currently 35 out of the 45 students of the batch are working in leading firms and industries. In the year 2010, till now 7 students have already been reported to be placed.

The students taking part in physical activities have also showed their good performance in every sports game may be it Kabaddi or Basketball in the intra-college as well as inter-college competitions and tournaments. In Enigma-2009, the national technical festival, the students from the branch atained various positions in several events like Junk Yard, Treasure Hunt and Robotics.

Also one of the biggest achievements of the department was the submission of the model in the competition held at IIT, Mumbai by the 4th Year students namely Manish Choudhry, Nitin Chaddha, Sandeep Paul and Anurag Sharma of our college in the Year 2009 and they grabbed the second position.

The paper presented by Sumit Mittal, passout from the college was accepted in the National Conference held at YIT, Jaipur on the topic ‘Renewable Sources of Energy‘.

The students placed in the current year 2010 are:

Ajay Rai in R. K. Marbles Pvt. Ltd.

Vivek Pal in R. K Marbles Pvt. Ltd.

Vikas Sinha in Petron.

In the Sports Events held on 15th - 17th march 2010, winners from the branch are:

Kabaddi: 1st Position, ME-4th Year Team

Volleyball: 2nd Position, ME Team

In other co-curricular activities held in the Ablaze-2010, the winners from the branch are:

Fashion Show: 2nd Position, Sushant Sharma and Group, ME 3rd Year.

Laughter Challenege: 1st position, Brijesh Meena (For Monoact)

BIODIESEL: Futuristic Fuel

The essential process for making diesel fuel out of biomass, was used in the 1800's for its primary product, glycerin for soap. It was also used exclusively in Rudolf Diesel's engine from the time he invented it until the 1920's, when modifications were made to the engine so that it could accept Number 2 diesel, a residue of petroleum. People have made their own biodiesel for use in their engine since the 1970's, and it has become an increasingly popular alternative today.

Biodiesel is a diesel replacement fuel made from etherification of new and used vegetable and animal oils. Biodiesel, just like ethanol and petroleum, can be blended with regular diesel fuel. Blends of biodiesel and diesel up to B20 (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel) usually can be used in unmodified diesel engines with no problems. Richer blends, even pure B100 biodiesel, can be used in some unmodified diesel engines, but the effect on the engine's durability is questioned by scientists. Biodiesel is gaining popularity in many countries, particularly in regions where regular diesel is already popular. Little testing about to the long-term effects of biodiesel on unmodified engines limits the extent of biodiesel usage, but Europe, United States, Brazil, and even Canada are all actively developing and advocating biodiesel. Brazil opened a biodiesel refinery in March 2005 which by 2011 will produce enough biodiesel to incorporate 5% biodiesel into regular diesel fuel nationwide. The United States offers a federal tax credit to biodiesel consumers, although it is still only available in ural areas.

Chandan Kumar

[III Year]

HOW TO WORK SMART IN YOUR JOB ?

What do you live for?
Work, Power, money?
Watts the use, Have you ever drilled your Mind?
Running around amidst Milling Crowd,
Aren’t you ever Bored of revolving round?

When you gear up for a promotion
You are screwed and get just a motion
From One office to another
Like a dummy toy fixture

Once a while you have moments of Inertia
But your boss wants you fly to Siberia
For a task which you think a trivia

It’s not Horse power but the Modulus of Elasticity
That determines your success and Efficiency.

If your Modulus of Rigidity is too high
Juniors with Young’s Modulus will fly high!

If you are in friction with your boss
Someone with Lube and Coolant will pass!
IF your short temper shows Flash Point
You may soon be in Fire Point!

You may be good in details to nuts and bolt
But if you can’t handle those who revolt

You will be rough-cut to size and
Soon you’ll lay on surface-finished!

You must constantly leverage on your smartness
By never allowing the boss to reach high Hardness!
You must be bearing in mind fully
That growth will be faster with a Pulley!

Vivek Kumar
[II Year]

The Six-Stroke Engine

Under the hood of almost all modern automobiles there sits a four-stroke internal combustion engine (ICE). Though the efficiency of the design has been improved upon significantly in the intervening years, the basic concept is the same today as that used by the first practical four-stroke engine built in the 1870s. During every cycle in a typical car engine, each piston moves up and down twice in the chamber, resulting in four total strokes… one of which is the power stroke that provides the torque to move the vehicle. But the automotive industry may soon be revolutionized by a new six-stroke design which adds a second power stroke, resulting in a much more efficient and less polluting alternative.

In a traditional ICE cycle,

1) the fuel/air valves open as the piston moves down, which draws air and fuel into the chamber;

2) the valves close as the piston moves back up, putting the air/fuel mixture under pressure;

3) the mixture is then ignited, causing a small explosion which forces the piston back down, which turns the crank and provides the torque; and finally

4) the exhaust valves open as the piston moves back up once again, pushing the byproducts of the fuel explosion out of the chamber.

This leaves the piston back in its starting position, ready for another cycle. This process is repeated thousands of times per minute. The clever new six-stroke design was developed by 75-year-old mechanic and tinkerer Bruce Crower, a veteran of the racing industry and a the owner of a company which produces high-performance cams and other engine parts. He modified a single-cylinder engine on his workbench to use the new design, and after fabricating the parts and assembling the powerplant, he poured in some gas and yanked the starter rope. His prototype worked. His addition to the ICE design is simple in principle, yet a stroke of genius. After the exhaust cycles out of the chamber, rather than squirting more fuel and air into the chamber, his design injects ordinary water. Inside the extremely hot chamber, the water immediately turns to steam– expanding to 1600 times its volume– which forces the piston down for a second power stroke. Another exhaust cycle pushes the steam out of the chamber, and then the six-stroke cycle begins again. Besides providing power, this water injection cycle cools the engine from within, making an engine’s heavy radiator, coolant, and fans obsolete. Despite its lack of a conventional liquid cooling system, his bench engine is only warm to the touch while it is running. Offsetting that, of course, would be the need to carry large quantities of water, and water is heavier than gasoline or diesel oil. Preliminary estimates suggest a Crower cycle engine will use roughly as many gallons of water as fuel.Bruce Crower holds a patent on the new design– which he is still developing and tweaking– but he estimates that eventually his six-stroke engine could improve a typical engine’s fuel consumption by as much as forty percent.

Rajesh Singh
Abhishek Pareek

[II Year]

The Iron Pillar of Delhi

The iron pillar of Delhi, India is a 7 meter high pillar in the Qutb complex which is notable for the composition of the metals used in its construction.

The pillar, which weighs more than six tons, is said to have been fashioned at the time of Chandragupta Vikramaditya (375–413),though other authorities give dates as early as 912 BCE. The pillar initially stood in the centre of a Jain temple complex housing twenty-seven temples that were destroyed by Qutb-ud-din Aybak, and their material was used in building the Qutub Minar and Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque. The pillar and ruins of the temple stand all around the Qutb complex today. The pillar is 98% pure wrought iron, and is a testament to the high level of skill achieved by ancient Indian ironsmiths. It has attracted the attention of both archaeologists and metallurgists, as it has withstood corrosion for over 1,600 years in the open air.

The pillar, almost seven meters high and weighing more than six tons, was erected by Chandragupta Vikramaditya (375 CE–414 CE), (interpretation based on analysis of archer type Gupta gold coins) of the Gupta dynasty that ruled northern India 320–540. The pillar with the statue of Chakra at the top was originally located at a place called Vishnupadagiri (meaning “hill with footprint of Lord Vishnu”). This has been identified as modern Udayagiri, situated in the vicinity of Besnagar, Vidisha and Sanchi.

The pillar bears a Sanskrit inscription in Brahmi script which states that it was erected as a standard in honour of Lord Vishnu. It also praises the valor and qualities of a king referred to simply as Chandra, who has been identified with the Gupta King Chandragupta Vikramaditya (375-413). It is believed by some that the pillar was installed in its current location by Vigraha Raja, the ruling Rajput Tomar king.One of the inscriptions on the iron pillar from A.D. 1052 mentions Rajput king Anangpal II.Made up of 98% pure wrought iron, it is 7.21m (23 feet 8 inches) high, with 93 cm (36.6 inches) buried below the present floor level, and has a diameter of 41 cm (16 inches) at the bottom which tapers towards the upper end. The pillar was manufactured by forge welding. The temperatures required to form such a pillar by forge welding could only have been achieved by the combustion of coal.[citation needed] The pillar is a testament to the high level of skill achieved by ancient Indian iron smiths in the extraction and processing of iron.

A fence was erected around the pillar in 1997 in response to damage caused by visitors. There is a popular tradition that it was considered good luck if you could stand with your back to the pillar and make your hands meet behind it.

Mahesh Kumar

[I Year]

Mikoyan MiG-29

MiG-29 (disambiguation)

The Mikoyan MiG-29Russian is a 4th-generation jet fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union for an air superiority role. Developed in the 1970s by the Mikoyan design bureau, it entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1983, and remains in use by the Russian Air Force as well as in many other nations. The NATO name "Fulcrum" was unofficially used by Soviet pilots in service. The MiG-29 along with the Su-27 were developed to counter new American fighters such as the F-15 Eagle, and the F-16 Fighting Falcon.

In 1969 the Soviet Union learned of the U.S. Air Force's "F-X" program, which resulted in the F-15 Eagle. The Soviet leadership soon realized that the new American fighter would represent a serious technological advantage over existing Soviet fighters. What was needed was a better-balanced fighter with both good agility and sophisticated systems. In response, the Soviet General Staff issued a requirement for a Perspektivnyy Frontovoy Istrebitel (PFI, literally "Perspective Frontline Fighter", roughly "Advanced Frontline Fighter"). Specifications were extremely ambitious, calling for long range, good short-field performance (including the ability to use austere runways), excellent agility, Mach 2+ speed, and heavy armament. The aerodynamic design for the new aircraft was largely carried out by the Russian aerodynamics institute TsAGI in collaboration with the Sukhoi design bureau.

Design

Powerplant
The MiG-29 has two widely spaced Klimov RD-33 turbofan engines, each rated at 50.0 kN (11,240 lb) dry and 81.3 kN (18,277 lb) in afterburner. The space between the engines generates lift, thereby reducing effective wing loading, to improve maneuverability. The engines are fed through wedge-type intakes fitted under the leading-edge extensions (LERXs), which have variable ramps to allow high-Mach speeds. As an adaptation to rough-field operations, the main air inlet can be closed completely and alter using the auxiliary air inlet on the upper fuselage for takeoff, landing and low-altitude flying, preventing ingestion of ground debris (foreign object damage [FOD]). Thereby the engines receive air through louvers on the LERXs which open automatically when intakes are closed. However the latest variant of the family, the MiG-35, eliminated these dorsal louvers, and adopted the mesh screens design in the main intakes, similar to those fitted to the Su-27.

Range and fuel system
The internal fuel capacity of the original MiG-29B is only 4,365 litres distributed between six internal fuel tanks, four in the fuselage and one in each wing. As a result, the aircraft has a very limited range, in line with the original Soviet requirements for a point-defense fighter. For longer flights, this can be supplemented by a 1,500-litre (330 Imp gal, 395 US gal) centreline drop tank and, on later production batches, two 1,150-litre (253 Imp gal, 300 US gal) underwing drop tanks. In addition, a small number have been fitted with port-side inflight refueling probes, allowing much longer flight times by using a probe-and-drogue system. Some MiG-29B airframes have been upgraded to the "Fatback" configuration (MiG-29 9-13), which adds a dorsal-mounted internal fuel tank. Advanced variants, such as the MiG-35, can be fitted with a conformal fuel tank on the dorsal spine, although none of them have yet entered service.

Cockpit
The cockpit features a conventional centre stick and left hand throttle controls. The pilot sits in a Zvezda K-36DM zero-zero ejection seat which has had impressive performance in emergency escapes.
The cockpit has conventional dials, with a head-up display (HUD) and a Shchel-3UM helmet mounted display, but no HOTAS ("hands-on-throttle-and-stick") capability. Emphasis seems to have been placed on making the cockpit similar to the earlier MiG-23 and other Soviet aircraft for ease of conversion, rather than on ergonomics.  Upgraded models introduce "glass cockpits" with modern liquid-crystal (LCD) multi-function displays (MFDs) and true HOTAS.

Sensors
The baseline MiG-29B has a Phazotron RLPK-29 (Radiolokatsyonnui Pritselnui Kompleks) radar fire control system (FCS) which includes the N019 (Sapfir 29; NATO: 'Slot Back') look-down/shoot-down coherent pulse-Doppler radar and the Ts100.02-02 digital computer. Tracking range against a fighter-sized target was only about 70 km (38 nmi) in the frontal aspect and 35 km (19 nmi) in the rear aspect. Range against bomber-sized targets was roughly double. Ten targets could be displayed in search mode, but the radar had to lock onto a single target for semi-active homing (SARH). The signal processor had trouble with ground clutter, reducing ranges in the look-down mode. The radar was also susceptible to jamming. These problems meant the MiG-29 was not able to reliably utilize the new Vympel R-27R (NATO: AA-10 "Alamo") long-range SARH missile at its maximum ranges.
 

Gyanendra Panday
[III Year]

TATA nano - The cheapest Indian car, dream of a middle class family.

“I hope this changes the way people travel in rural India. We are a country of a billion and most are denied connectivity, this is a car that is affordable and provides all-weather transport for the family.”
- Ratan Tata

The introduction of the Nano received media attention due to its targeted low price. The Financial Times reporter, If ever there were a symbol of India’s ambitions to become a modern nation, it would surely be the Nano, the tiny car with the even tinier price-tag. The car is expected to boost the Indian Economy, create entrepreneurial-opportunities across India as well as expand the Indian car market by 65%. The car was envisioned by Ratan Tata, Chairman of the Tata Group and Tata Motors, who has described it as an eco-friendly "people's car". Nano has been greatly appreciated by many sources and the media for its low-cost and eco-friendly initiatives which include using compressed-air as fuel and an electric-version (E-Nano).Tata Group is expected to mass-manufacture the Nano, particularly the electric-version, and, besides selling them in India, to also export them worldwide

Tata Nano is a rear-engine, four-passenger city car built by Tata Motors, aimed primarily at the Indian market. The car has a fuel efficiency of around 26 kilometers per liters on the highway and around 22 kilometers per liters in the city. The cars started to be delivered to customers after July 17, 2009.with a starting price of Rs 100,000, which is approximately equal to UK£1,360 or US$2,160 as of December 2009. This is cheaper than the Maruti 800, its main competitor and next cheapest Indian car priced at Rs 184,641 ($3,988 U.S.).Tata had sought to produce the least expensive production car in the world, aiming for a starting price of Rs 100,000 (approximately US$2,000) as of June 2009.

"Nano" means "small" in Gujarati, the language of the founders of the Tata Group. "Nano" from the SI prefix for one-billionth is derived from the Greek and is sometimes used to mean "small" in English

A team of 500 people worked on creating the Nano - Tata aims to prove that India can compete on the world market as an innovative car maker. To achieve its design goals, Tata refined the manufacturing process, emphasized innovation and sought new design approaches from suppliers. The car was designed at Italy's Institute of Development in Automotive Engineering — with Ratan Tata requesting certain changes, such as the elimination of one of two windscreen wipers. Many components of the Nano are made in Germany by Bosch, such as fuel injection, brake system, Value Motronic ECU, ABS and other technologies. The Nano has 21% more interior space (albeit mostly as headroom, due to its tall stance)and an 8% smaller exterior compared to its closest rival, the Maruti 800. Tata offered the car in three versions: the basic Tata Nano Std; the CX; and the LX. The CX and LX versions each have air conditioning, power windows, and central locking. Tata has set its initial production target at 250,000 units per year.

Cost cutting features

•The Nano's trunk does not open. Instead, the rear seats can be folded down to access the boot.

•It has a single windscreen wiper instead of the usual pair.

•It has no power steering.

•The base model has only three lug nuts on the wheels instead of the usual four.

•The base model has only one side view mirror.

•Some use of plastic and glue in place of welded steel

•Manually operated side windows

•Air conditioning/heating not part of base model

•Airbags not part of base model

•Engine is much smaller (623 cc) than the other cars but is suitable for city driving.

Models

Tata initially targeted the vehicle as "the least expensive production car in the world” aiming for a starting price of 100,000 rupees or approximately US$2000 (using exchange rate as of 22 March 2009 6 years ago. despite rapidly rising material prices at the time.At its launch the Nano was available in three trim levels:

•the basic Tata Nano Std priced at 123,000 Rupees has no extras;

•the deluxe Tata Nano CX at 151,000 Rupees has air conditioning;

•the luxury Tata Nano LX at 172,000 Rupees has air conditioning, power windows, fabric seats and central locking

•the Nano Europa, European version of the Tata Nano has all of the above plus a larger body, bigger 3-cylinder engine, anti-lock braking system (ABS) and meets European crash standards and emission norms.

Tushar Kargathiya & Vinod Prajapati

[II Year]

Choppers: The Easy-Rider - An Overview

 What exactly is a Chopper?

The definition is fairly flexible, varying from one region to another, but in general, a Chopper is a customized minimalistic design of a motorcycle with essential parts to make it roll on the road. Within the motorcyclist community, there's a group of enthusiasts who like to get back to the basics. They want to ride bikes that are powerful, fast and stripped down to the bare essentials. They might take an existing bike and tear it apart, or they might start from scratch to build a bike to their own specifications relieved of excess weight by removing parts, particularly the fenders, with the intent of making it lighter and thus faster, or at least making it look better in the eyes of a rider seeking a more minimalist ride giving birth to the ‘Chopper’.

A quick look at the past...

The history of the chopper begins shortly after World War II. Many of veterans removed the front fender from the bikes. The rear fender often came in two pieces the soldiers removed the rearmost section. They called the new, shorter fenders "bobbed" fenders, and so people who rode bikes with these sorts of modifications were called bobbers. Movies like "Easy Rider" and "The Wild One" brought choppers to the public's attention. In the 1980s, motorcycle companies like Harley-Davidson began to offer what they called custom bikes, mass-manufactured motorcycles based off the most popular chopper designs. Coupled with an economic recession, this move nearly made chopper culture go extinct. It was only in the mid-'90s that custom bike shops began to flourish again, and today the culture is as strong as it ever was.

Formed in 1999 Orange County Choppers (OCC) has distinguished itself as one of the world’s top builders of custom bikes. The machines being build at OCC are custom motorcycles that are hand crafted by the trio - Mikey, Paul Junior and Paul Senior, or best known as the Teutuls family from American Chopper. Chipzilla, the bike from OCC as contracted by Intel to build a state of the art motorcycle using the baby blue Intel theme logo is the highest tech bike in the world with a 250-horsepower workstation on wheels, unveiled simultaneously in meat space and Second Life in honor of the Xeon 5300 series release, probably sports more digital kit than Sturgis or Laconia have ever seen, including either a quad or octo core chipset, removable UMPC that doubles as a virtual dashboard, rear-facing cameras to replace the mirrors, full audio and video capabilities, GPS ofcourse, and what sounds like a 3G data connection.

1. Chopper Frames: To get its monster look, a chopper has to have the right frame. There are two main kinds of frames used in choppers: hard-tail frames and soft-tail frames. A hard-tail frame is a solid frame with no rear wheel suspension system. Hard-tails have the classic lines that chopper enthusiasts love, but they tend to give very bumpy rides. Soft-tail frames have rear-wheel suspension, meaning the frame comes in two major pieces. The front part of the frame is where the engine, transmission, fork and handlebars is mounted. The rear section is where the rear wheel is mounted. The two sections are connected together using bolts, brackets, spacers and other equipment, depending on the frame's manufacturer. At the front end of the frame, whether it's a soft-tail or hard-tail is where the fork assembly is mounted. The fork assembly is the part of the bike that connects the front tire and handlebars to the frame. The fork assembly also includes the front wheel suspension system, which usually either uses springs or hydraulics.

2. Chopper Rake and Trail: The rake is the angle formed between the neck on the frame of a bike and a vertical line. The bigger the angle, the further out the front wheel will be from the frame. The distance between the points where the tire makes contact with the ground and a vertical line from the center of the front wheel's steering axis to the ground is the bike's trail. Trail is measured in inches, and in motorcycles should always be a positive number, a negative trail means an unstable ride. Trail is important, too little or too much trail and the bike will be sluggish or even impossible to control. The ideal trail length tends to range between 3.5 and 6 inches.

3. Chopper Engines: Bike builders have a lot of choices when it comes to engines and how to mount them. Engines come with names like Evo, Twin Cam, Shovelhead, Panhead and Knucklehead. Some engines work better with certain frames, in fact, some frames are designed specifically to hold a particular engine. Builders have to be aware of an engine's dimensions to make sure they have the right amount of clearance in their frame once they've installed all their components.

4. Chopper Transmissions: Transmissions sit behind the engine and come in four-, five- and six-speed varieties. Most modern choppers use either five- or six-speed transmissions, only older choppers or bikes designed to look like vintage models use a four-speed transmission. The transmission powers the drive system for the chopper, which is either a chain system or a belt system. Chains and belts connect one side of the drive system, the transmission, to the other side, the rear tire. Transmissions only provide power to the rear tire; the front wheels aren't powered. A small sprocket in the drive system turns the chain or belt at the transmission end, which then turns a larger sprocket at the tire end, making the tire move. Most choppers use an open primary system, meaning the belt or chain isn't covered by housing or casing, it's left out in the open for all to admire.

Syed Tauqueer Eqbal Husain

[III Year]

Around the World

The Jeep Treo Concept

Treo's forward-thinking design brief is matched by its equally forward-thinking alternative propulsion system. Imagined with an efficient, hydrogen fuel cell powering all four wheels via dual electric motors, the Treo is designed to operate in all conditions while being sensitive and accountable to the environment.

Bagger 288: World's Largest Digging Machine

This machine is the largest digging machine in the world. The bucket-wheeler excavator named Bagger 288 (Excavator 288) is built by the German company Krupp. More specifically, it is a mobile strip mining machine. It is the largest tracked vehicle in the world at 13,500 tons. However, Bagger is powered from an external source and is more correctly described as a mining machine which can be moved, while the crawler-transporter was built as a self-powered, load-carrying vehicle.

Features
Height: 95 m tall
Length: 215 m long
Weight: 13,500 tons

Prashant
[III Year]

The paper presented on ‘Experimental Investigation of Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Karanj Methyl Ester and its blends in a Compression Ignition Engine’ and ‘Combined Cooling, Heating and Power: An efficient, decentralized generation of energy’

The paper was presented in the ‘International Symposium on Fuels and Lubricants’ (ISFL-2010), New Delhi, Organized by the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) on the topic ‘Experimental Investigation of Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Karanj Methyl Ester and its blends in a Compression Ignition Engine’ by Mr. Kamal Kishore Khatri, Dilip Sharma and S.L Soni from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur and Deepak Tanwar from the Department of Civil Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur. The abstract of the paper presented can be briefly stated as follows.

Experimental investigations were carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of Karanj oil blend (K-20) and Karanj Oil Methyl Ester (KOME) blends in a direct injection C.I. engine. KOME was prepared from Karanj oil using alkaline catalyzed traensesterification. Important fuel properties of Karanj oil, KOME, KOME-diesel blends and pure diesel were compared. BSFC, BTE, and exhaust emissions were measured for these fuels. Performance and emission results show the B-20 as optimum blend among the different blends. It shows K-20 blend as poorer than diesel and B-20 but better than higher KOME blends. Hence B-20 and K-20 blends of Karanj oil may be used successfully as promising alternate fuels for C.I. engines.

The second paper was presented in a National Conference held at YIT, Jaipur on 30th of April, 2010 on ‘Combined Cooling, Heating and Power: An efficient, decentralized generation of energy’ by the ex-students of the institute, Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering and School of Management, Jaipur, Mr. Sumit Mittal, Ashish Puri and Sandhya Singh of Mechanical Engineering Department under the guidance of Mr. Kamal Kishore Khatri, Dilip Sharma and S.L Soni from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, MNIT, Jaipur. The abstract of the paper presented can be briefly stated as follows.

Energy conservation and environmental protection have become crucial for sustainable development of the world. So all together we have to search for the sources that are highly efficient, less polluting, cheap and most important it should last for very long time. Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) or trigeneration has emerged as promising technology for achieving the goal mentioned above. It is more efficient and less polluting than electricity generated from single generation or centralized generation. This makes cogeneration and Trigeneration the cleanest, most environmentally friendly, and least cost method to generate electricity using any fossil fuel such as natural gas or renewable fuel such as biomethane, biodiesel or ethanol. Combined Cooling, heating, and power has been proven beneficial in many industrial situations by increasing the overall thermal efficiency, reducing the total power requirement, and providing higher quality, more reliable power. Applying this technology to large as well as smaller scale residential and small commercial buildings is an attractive option because of the large potential market. In this paper, detailed review of Trigeneration technique, its components and some case studies available in literature have been presented.

The paper ISFL 2010 was selected for publication in SAE INDIA ( SAE No. that has been alloted is 2010-28-0007)

Mr. Kamal Kishore Khatri

Reader & Second Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering
Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering and School of Management (KITE-SOM), Jaipur
E-mail: kamalkhatri@rediffmail.com; kamalkkhatri@yahoo.co.in

The Future: Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, or better performance. A variety of types of HEV exist, and the degree to which they function as EVs varies as well. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) also exist.

Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative braking, which converts the vehicle's kinetic energy into battery-replenishing electric energy, rather than wasting it as heat energy as conventional brakes do. Some varieties of HEVs use their internal combustion engine to generate electricity by spinning an electrical generator (this combination is known as a motor-generator), to either recharge their batteries or to directly power the electric drive motors. Many HEVs reduce idle emissions by shutting down the ICE at idle and restarting it when needed; this is known as a start-stop system. A hybrid-electric produces less emissions from its ICE than a comparably-sized gasoline car, as an HEV's gasoline engine is usually smaller than a pure fossil-fuel vehicle, and if not used to directly drive the car, can be geared to run at maximum efficiency, further improving fuel economy.

Developments

Automotive hybrid technology became widespread beginning in the late 1990s. The first mass-produced hybrid vehicle was the Toyota Prius, launched in Japan in 1997, and followed by the Honda Insight, launched in 1999 in the United States and Japan. The Prius was launched in Europe, North America and the rest of the world in 2000. The first generation Prius sedan has an estimated fuel economy of 52 miles per US gallon (4.5 L/100 km; 62 mpg-imp) in the city and 45 miles per US gallon (5.2 L/100 km; 54 mpg-imp) in highway driving. The two-door first generation Insight was estimated at 61 miles per US gallon (3.9 L/100 km; 73 mpg-imp) miles per gallon in city driving and 68 miles per US gallon (3.5 L/100 km; 82 mpg-imp) on the highway. The Toyota Prius sold 300 units in 1997, 19,500 in 2000, and cumulative worldwide Prius sales reached the 1 million mark in April 2008.[36] By early 2010, the Prius global cumulative sales were estimated at 1.6 million units. Toyota launched a second generation Prius in 2004 and a third in 2009. The 2010 Prius has an estimated U.S. EPA combined fuel economy cycle of 50 miles per US gallon (4.7 L/100 km; 60 mpg-imp).

The Audi Duo III was introduced in 1997, based on the Audi B5 A4 Avant, and was the only Duo to ever make it into series production. The Duo III used the 1.9 litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine, which was coupled with an 21 kilowatts (29 PS; 28 bhp) electric motor. The redesigned 2004 Toyota Prius (second generation) improved passenger room, cargo area, and power output, while increasing energy efficiency and reducing emissions. The Honda Insight first generation stopped being produced after 2006 and has a devoted base of owners. A second generation Insight was launched in 2010. In 2004, Honda also released a hybrid version of the Accord but discontinued it in 2007 citing disappointing sales. The Ford Escape Hybrid, the first hybrid electric sport utility vehicle (SUV) was released in 2005. Toyota and Ford entered into a licensing agreement in March 2004 allowing Ford to use 20 patents[citation needed] from Toyota related to hybrid technology, although Ford's engine was independently designed and built. In 2006, General Motors Saturn Division began to market a mild parallel hybrids in the form of the 2007 Saturn Vue Green Line which utilized GM's Belted Alternator/Starter (BAS Hybrid) System combined with a 2.4 litre L4 engine and a FWD automatic transmission. The same hybrid powertrain was also used to power the 2008 Saturn Aura Greenline and Mailbu Hybrid models. As of December 2009, only the BAS equipped Malibu is still in (limited) production.

In 2007, Lexus released a hybrid electric version of their GS sport sedan, the GS 450h, with a power output of 335 bhp. The 2007 Camry Hybrid became available in Summer 2006 in the United States and Canada. Nissan launched the Altima Hybrid with technology licensed by Toyota in 2007. For the 2009 model year, General Motors released the same technology in their half-ton pickup truck models, the 2009 Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra Two-Mode Hybrid models. The Ford Fusion Hybrid officially debuted at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show in November 2008, and was launched to the U.S. market in March 2009, together with the second generation Honda Insight and the Mercury Milan Hybrid.

Latest Developments

The Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid was unveiled at the 2009 Seoul Motor Show, and sales began in the South Korean domestic market in July 2009. The Elantra LPI (Liquefied Petroleum Injected) is the world's first hybrid vehicle to be powered by an internal combustion engine built to run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel. The Elantra PLI is a mild hybrid and the first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries. The Elantra LPI Hybrid delivers a fuel economy rating of 41.9 miles per US gallon (5.61 L/100 km; 50.3 mpg-imp) and CO2 emissions of 99 g/km to qualify as a Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV).[49] Hyundai has scheduled the launch of the 2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid by the end of 2010. The Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHybrid was unveiled in the 2009 Chicago Auto Show, and sales began in the U.S. in October 2009. The S400 BlueHybrid is a mild hybrid and the first hybrid car to adopt a lithium ion battery. The hybrid technology in the S400 was co-developed by Daimler AG and BMW. The same hybrid technology is being used in the BMW 7 Series ActiveHybrid, expected to go on sales in the U.S. and Europe by mid 2010. The CR-Z is scheduled to be launched in the European and North American markets by mid 2010. Honda has also scheduled the launch of the 2011 Honda Fit Hybrid by the end of 2010. Toyota announced plans to add hybrid drivetrains to ten new hybrid models between 2009 and 2012 and expects to sell worldwide one million hybrids per year early in this decade. Two of Toyota's latest concept cars are the Prius Custom Plus Concept and the Toyota FT-CH (Future Toyota Compact Hybrid). The Prius Custom Plus is a modification of the Toyota Prius and shown at the 2010 Tokyo Auto Salon.

Volkswagen announced at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show the launch of the 2012 Touareg Hybrid, scheduled for 2011. VW also announced plans to introduce diesel-electric hybrid versions of its most popular models in 2012, beginning with the new Jetta, followed by the Golf Hybrid in 2013 together with hybrid versions of the Passat. Other gasoline-electric hybrids already schedule for commercial sales are the 2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid and the Porshe Cayenne Hybrid, both for late 2010, and the Lexus CT 200h in 2011.

Mrigendra Deka

[Final Year]

Why T-90 is the Main Battle Tank in the Indian Army?

The T-90 is a Russian main battle tank (MBT) derived from the T-72, and is currently the most modern tank in service with the Russian Ground Forces, Naval Infantry and the Indian Army. The successor to the T-72BM, the T-90 uses the tank gun and 1G46 gunner sights from the T-80U, a new engine, and thermal sights. Protective measures include Kontakt-5 ERA, laser warning receivers, the EMT-7 electromagnetic pulse (EMP) creator for the destruction of magnetic mines and the Shtora infrared ATGM jamming system. It is designed and built by Uralvagonzavod, in Nizhny Tagil, Russia.

The Design

The T-90's main armament is the 2A46M 125 mm smoothbore tank gun. This is a highly modified version of the Sprut anti-tank gun, and is the same gun used as the main armament on the T-80-series tanks. It can be replaced without dismantling the inner turret and is capable of firing armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT-FS), and high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) ammunition, as well as 9M119M Refleks anti-tank guided missiles. The Refleks missile has semi-automatic laser beam-riding guidance and a tandem hollow-charge HEAT warhead. It has an effective range of 100 m to 6 km, and takes 17.5 seconds to reach maximum range. Refleks can penetrate about 950 millimetres (37 in) of steel armour and can also engage low-flying air targets such as helicopters.

The NSV 12.7 mm (12.7x108) anti-aircraft machine gun can be operated from within the tank by the commander and has a range of 2 km and a cyclic rate of fire of 650-750 rounds per minute with 300 rounds available. The PKT 7.62 mm (7.62x54mm R) coaxial machine gun weighs about 10.5 kg while the ammunition box carries 250 rounds (7000 rounds carried) and weighs an additional 9.5 kg.

Like other modern Russian tanks the 2A46M in the T-90 is fed by an automatic loader which removes the need for a manual loader in the tank and reduces the crew to 3 (commander, gunner and driver). The autoloader can carry 22 ready-to-fire rounds in its carousel and can load a round in 5–8 seconds. It has been suggested that the automatic loaders on modern T-90 tanks have been modified to take advantage of newer ammunition such as the 3BM-44M APFSDS, which like the US M829A3 penetrates armour better than the previous shorter rounds. Additionally the T-90 features the Ainet fuse setting system which allows the tank to detonate HE-FRAG rounds at a specific distance from the tank as determined by the gunners laser rangefinder, improving performance against helicopters and infantry.

Fire-control system on the T-90 includes the PNK-4S/SR AGAT day and night sighting system mounted at the commanders station which allows for night time detection of a tank sized target at ranges between 700 and 1100 meters depending on the version of the sight. Early models of the T-90 were equipped with the TO1-KO1 BURAN sight but later models (T-90S) were upgraded to use the ESSA thermal imaging sight, which allows for accurate firing to a range of 5000–8000 m using the CATHERINE-FC thermal camera produced by Thales Optronique. The gunner is also provided with the 1G46 day sighting system which includes a laser range finder, missile guidance channel and allows tank-sized targets to be detected and engaged at 5 to 8 kilometres (3.1 to 5.0 mi). The driver users a TVN-5 day and night sight.

Laxman Singh Rathore

[I Year]

Carbon Nanotubes to be used in innovative safety technology to prevent explosions in Fuel Tanks.

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are to be used in an innovative safety technology that significantly reduces the risk of explosions in fuel tanks. MWNT (multi wall carbon nanotube) is use to manufacture the newly developed spheres designed to prevent the formation of explosive gas mixtures in fuel tanks. The spheres are soon to be introduced onto the global market under the name SAFEBALL. They offer considerable advantages over the extruded metal mesh or plastic foams used for this purpose to date. SAFEBALLS take the form of hollow spheres that are introduced into a tank and completely fill it. Despite this, the available volume of the tank is only reduced by approx. 8.5 percent.

Two of the advantages of SAFEBALLS are that they not only prevent an explosive mixture of gas and air in a tank from exploding, but also allow the tank to "breathe", so that significantly smaller quantities of hydrocarbons are released into the environment. In this way, the spheres can also make a significant contribution to environmental protection in the future.

Their special shape allows fuel to flow freely but prevents any dangerous surging. Surging occurs when large volumes of liquid are displaced, for example while a road tanker is in operation, thus affecting the vehicles stability and even potentially causing it to tip over. When a tank is to be cleaned, the SAFEBALL spheres can easily be removed and then replaced once the operation is complete. They are also treated with anti-fungal and anti-bacterial agents.

All these benefits are due not least to the exceptional properties of nanotubes MaterialScience. Nanotubes exhibit a high level of electrical conductivity and mechanical strength and are extremely light in weight.

"Without carbon nanotubes it would have been impossible to develop the technology so quickly” the inventor of the SAFEBALL concept, at the signing of the agreement. "Bayer Material Science was our first choice supplier right from the start, because we knew we could rely absolutely on the specified purity and quality of the CNTs and, even more importantly, on BMSs ability to deliver the raw materials we need to meet increasing order volumes."

SAFEBALLS can be provided with a range of additional functions for special applications. These include fire-extinguishing - for which a special gel is incorporated into the spheres - and the integration of active and passive transponders that enable vehicle data to be electronically stored to prevent theft or provide information on maintenance.

Gagandeep Singh

[Final Year]

The Mechanical Engineering Department

The Department of Mechanical Engineering in Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering and School of Management (KITE-SOM), Jaipur was established in 2004 and was affiliated to the Rajasthan University and was then lately got affiliated to the Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.

The Faculty

With its devoted faculty members the mechanical department has shown a lot of progress in the past year. Hundreds of engineers have graduated through the four year program that the ME Department offers and occupy prestigious positions in industries nationwide.

The Infrastructure

Mechanical Engineering Department of the college has fully equipped Workshop, Dynamics of Machine Lab, Material Science Lab, Thermal Engineering Lab, Fluid Mechanics Lab, Production Lab, and Strength of Materials Lab, Computer Graphics lab. The department has made a cad/cam lab for the computer aided and advanced knowledge added with all the software made available for the purpose of better understanding of the theoretical and practical terms and concept taught in the mechanical branch. The branch provides a facility of 20 computer in CAD/ CAM lab and 3 software labs including “Solid Works” software. We have installed instrumentation lab equipped with 6 equipments as per the university syllabi and thereby fulfilling the required norms of the university. The department also has the i/c engine lab equipped with 4-stroke petrol engine (assembling and disassembling), Differential, Gear box, Fuel pump, 2-stroke petrol engine assembling and disassembling), For the practical knowledge and advanced understanding of the 1st year students about the branch and its working, department has installed and arranged vice carpentry, new work table, working tools etc. so that the students get better chance to work practically on the things for proper grip over the subjects. In the year 2010, third batch from the department will complete its degree. The institute is also going to offer an intensive two years M.Tech program soon.

Industrial Visits

It is also worth mentioning that the department organized four industrial visits for the students to understand appropriately about the external working arena and works. These include the place of repute such as Bosch Ltd., Jaipur and Kamal Coach Works, Jaipur

The Achievements

Every year Mechanical Engineering students from the college are being placed and working in various leading firms and industries from the country. The stats shows a descent increment in the number of placements of the students in different companies every year. On the other hand amongst the big achievements of the department, the highlighting feature is the project presentation by 4 students of 2009 batch in IIT, Mumbai and their grab over the 2nd prize.

MESO

Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that was developed from the application of principles from physics and materials science. The field of mechanical engineering is considered among the broadest of engineering disciplines. The work of mechanical engineering ranges from the depths of the ocean to outer space. The field requires a solid understanding of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, materials science, and energy. Mechanical engineers use the core principles as well as other knowledge in the field to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, water craft, robotics, medical devices and more.

MESO is the organization formed by the students of the Mechanical Engineering Department in Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering and School of Management (KITE-SOM), Jaipur consistently working for the betterment and future prospect of the students. The organization will be organizing several seminars, workshops and other activities from various leading firms and companies that will keep up the students aware of the present scenario in the field of engineering and help them to cope up with the problems that can be faced in this competitive world. The MESO is also publishing its newsletter – “Mechanza” quarterly every year comprising of the articles and issues from around the world. The newsletter will also include the current affairs and the news from the campus of the college. Also the newsletter will be available for reading it on the internet online at kite-meso.blogspot.com, the official blog site of the MESO archiving the issues published in the newsletter with full description and details.

Mr. Navin H. Yadav

Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering